![]() “The international thermodynamic equation of seawater-Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties,” Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. “ Acoustic seagliders in PhilSea10: Preliminary results,” in OCEANS 2011 IEEE Conference Proceedings ( IEEE, New York), pp. “ Upper crustal structure as a function of plate age,” J. “ Deep water towed array measurements at close range,” J. “ Twenty years of underwater electroacoustic standards,” NRL Report FR-7735 (Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC), 132 pp. ![]() “ Crustal seismic structure beneath the West Philippine Sea, 17°–18° North,” Mar. “ Ambient noise analysis of deep-ocean measurements in the Northeast Pacific,” IEEE J. “ Estimating the horizontal and vertical direction-of-arrival of water-borne seismic signals in the northern Philippine Sea,” J. Marburg ( Universität der Bundeswher, Neubiberg, Germany), pp. “ Basin scale computation of vertical and horizontal directivity of underwater ambient noise, due to shipping and wind,” in Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Theoretical and Computational Acoustics, edited by S. “ Database description (DBD) for the Historical Temporal Shipping Database Variable Resolution (HITS), Version 4.0,” PSI Technical Report TRS-301 (Planning Systems Incorporated, Slidell, LA), 35 pp. , Google Scholar Scitation, ISIĮmery, L., Bradley, M., and Hall, T. “ Observations of sound-speed fluctuations in the western Philippine Sea in the spring of 2009,” J. “ Change of multifractal thermal characteristics in the western Philippine Sea upper layer during internal wave-soliton propagation,” J. “ The ONR Five Octave Research Array (FORA) at Penn State,” in OCEANS 2003 IEEE Conference Proceedings ( IEEE, New York), pp. ![]() Instrumentation for the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) prototype Pacific Ocean network,” in OCEANS'95 MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings ( IEEE, New York), pp. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC), NOAA Atlas NESDIS62, Vol. “ PhilSea10 APL-UW Cruise Report: 5-,” Technical Report APL-UW TR 1001 (Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA), 118 pp. “ The APL/UW Multiport Acoustic Projector System,” Technical Report APL-UW TR 0902 (Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA). This paper is based upon work supported by the Office of Naval Research Ocean Acoustics and Undersea Signal Processing programs.Īndrew, R. National Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrument Pool (OBSIP). The Ocean Bottom Seismometers used in the OBSAPS experiment were provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography as part of the U.S. Poulos), and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (S. Murray), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (E. White), the Naval Postgraduate School (C. The success of the NPAL series of Philippine Sea experiments is the result of the efforts of many people, including the Captains and crews of the R/V Kilo Moana, R/V Melville, and R/V Roger Revelle and individuals at the Applied Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington (B. The acoustic transmissions and ambient noise were also recorded by a towed hydrophone array, by acoustic Seagliders, and by ocean bottom seismometers. In these experiments, moored and ship-suspended low-frequency acoustic sources transmitted to a newly developed distributed vertical line array receiver capable of spanning the water column in the deep ocean. The experimental goals included (a) understanding the impacts of fronts, eddies, and internal tides on acoustic propagation, (b) determining whether acoustic methods, together with other measurements and ocean modeling, can yield estimates of the time-evolving ocean state useful for making improved acoustic predictions, (c) improving our understanding of the physics of scattering by internal waves and spice, (d) characterizing the depth dependence and temporal variability of ambient noise, and (e) understanding the relationship between the acoustic field in the water column and the seismic field in the seafloor. A series of experiments conducted in the Philippine Sea during 2009–2011 investigated deep-water acoustic propagation and ambient noise in this oceanographically and geologically complex region: (i) the 2009 North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL) Pilot Study/Engineering Test, (ii) the 2010–2011 NPAL Philippine Sea Experiment, and (iii) the Ocean Bottom Seismometer Augmentation of the 2010–2011 NPAL Philippine Sea Experiment.
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